![]() ![]() suggested a subsidence rate of 30 mm/yr over northwest Houston from 2004 to 2011 using ENVISAT and ALOS PALSAR data. In our previous work, we used persistent scatterer (PS) InSAR on ERS-1/2 data from 1992 to 2002 and measured subsidence of up to 47 mm/yr in the northwest part of Harris County. Bawden integrated ERS-1/2 datasets with GNSS data from 1996 to 2010. In these studies, Stork and Sneed processed data from the European Remote Sensing 1 (ERS-1) and ERS-2 satellite platforms from 1996 to 1999, and Buckley et al. Several researchers used InSAR techniques for measuring subsidence in Houston and its surroundings. Displacement time series shows that the Clodine, Hockley, and Woodgate faults are active, whereas the Long Point Fault shows no motion, although it was once very active.ĭue to regulatory efforts, subsidence in this region has been quantified by using various methods, including Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), lidar, etc. The high rate of water pumping in the suburbs is the main driver of subsidence, but oil/gas withdrawal plays an important role in areas such as Mont Belvieu. To evaluate the contribution of oil/gas pumping, we applied optimized hot spot analysis to known locations of oil and gas wells. To investigate the contributions of groundwater to subsidence, we apply optimized hot spot analysis to groundwater level data collected over the past 31 years from over 71,000 water wells and look at the correlation with fault surface deformation patterns. In this study, we performed emerging hot spot analysis on InSAR displacement products to identify areas undergoing significant subsidence. Most of the area within the Houston city limits shows no substantial subsidence, but growing suburbs around the city, such as Katy in the west, Spring and The Woodlands in the north and northwest, and Fresno in the south, show subsidence. Observation of surface deformation using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data obtained from Sentinel-1A shows total subsidence of up to 9 cm in some areas from 2016 to 2020. This work reports substantial ground subsidence in a few parts of Greater Houston and adjoining areas not reported before. Cities in the northern Gulf of Mexico, such as Houston, have experienced one of the fastest rates of subsidence, with groundwater/hydrocarbon withdrawal being considered the primary cause. ![]()
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